Search Results for: filter

Filter frequency response grapher

Here’s a tool that plots frequency response from filter coefficients. Hz linearlog 10log 2 Plot auto40 dB30 dB20 dB10 dB0 dB-10 dB-20 dB-30 dB-40 dB Max 60 dB80 dB100 dB120 dB140 dB160 dB180 dB Range a coefficients (zeros) b coefficients … Continue reading

Posted in Biquads, Filters, FIR Filters, IIR Filters, Widgets | 15 Comments

Evaluating filter frequency response

A question that pops up for many DSP-ers working with IIR and FIR filters, I think, is how to look at a filter’s frequency and phase response. For many, maybe they’ve calculated filter coefficients with something like the biquad calculator … Continue reading

Posted in Biquads, FFT, Filters, FIR Filters, IIR Filters | 27 Comments

Cascading filters

Sometimes we’d like to cascade biquads to get a higher filter order. This calculator gives the Q values for each filter to achieve Butterworth response for lowpass and highpass filters. Order: 234567891011121314151617181920 Q values: You can calculate coefficients for all biquad … Continue reading

Posted in Biquads, Filters, IIR Filters, Widgets | 40 Comments

Filters for synths—the 4-pole

The last post noted that the two most popular synthesizer filters are the 2-pole state variable, and the 4-pole “Moog style”. And we started with the state variable—simple, popular, and delivering multiple filter outputs (lowpass, bandpass…) simultaneously. Here, we’ll follow … Continue reading

Posted in Digital Audio, Filters, IIR Filters, Synthesizers | 5 Comments

Filters for synths–starting out

We haven’t developed a synth filter here yet… Filters we’ve presented Biquads. While they are useful for many simple cases of filtering, they are not a good choice for analog synthesizer emulation. Most notably, they are poorly suited to time-varying … Continue reading

Posted in Digital Audio, Filters, IIR Filters, Synthesizers | Leave a comment

A one-pole filter

Here’s a very simple workhorse of DSP applications—the one-pole filter. By comparison, biquads implement two zeros and two poles. You can see that our one-pole simply discards the zeros (the feed-forward delay paths) and the second pole (feedback path): We … Continue reading

Posted in DC Blocker, Digital Audio, IIR Filters, Source Code | 40 Comments

A closer look at upsampling filters

Interpolation type:NoneZero-order holdLinearSinc 1Sinc 2Sinc 3  Show impulse response Sweep! In this demonstration, we generate a sine wave sweep from low in the audio band to near the Nyquist Frequency, which is half the sample rate. You can view it … Continue reading

Posted in Aliasing, Digital Audio, Filters, FIR Filters, Impulse Response, Sample Rate Conversion, Widgets | 1 Comment

Building a windowed sinc filter

As promised, here’s our windowed sinc calculator for building a 2x oversampling filter:  Factor  Length  Rejection  Gain Notes: Use the Tab or Enter keys to effect changes (most browsers), or press Calculate. The frequency axis is in multiples of the … Continue reading

Posted in Digital Audio, Filters, FIR Filters, Impulse Response, Sample Rate Conversion, Widgets | 14 Comments

The digital state variable filter

The digital state variable filter was described in Hal Chamberlin’s Musical Applications of Microprocessors. Derived by straight-forward replacement of components from the analog state variable fiter with digital counterparts, the digital state variable is a popular synthesizer filter, as was its … Continue reading

Posted in Digital Audio, Filters, IIR Filters | 25 Comments

Analog digital continuous discrete

Digital and analog. We often think of them, mistakenly, as equivalent things in different domains. But that’s a misunderstanding, and we often use the terms incorrectly. For instance, run a mic through a preamp and get a signal, we know … Continue reading

Posted in Digital Audio, Fun Facts | Leave a comment