Category Archives: Digital Audio

Filter frequency response grapher

Here’s a tool that plots frequency response from filter coefficients. Hz linearlog 10log 2 Plot auto40 dB30 dB20 dB10 dB0 dB-10 dB-20 dB-30 dB-40 dB Max 60 dB80 dB100 dB120 dB140 dB160 dB180 dB Range a coefficients (zeros) b coefficients … Continue reading

Posted in Biquads, Filters, FIR Filters, IIR Filters, Widgets | 15 Comments

Evaluating filter frequency response

A question that pops up for many DSP-ers working with IIR and FIR filters, I think, is how to look at a filter’s frequency and phase response. For many, maybe they’ve calculated filter coefficients with something like the biquad calculator … Continue reading

Posted in Biquads, FFT, Filters, FIR Filters, IIR Filters | 27 Comments

Cascading filters

Sometimes we’d like to cascade biquads to get a higher filter order. This calculator gives the Q values for each filter to achieve Butterworth response for lowpass and highpass filters. Order: 234567891011121314151617181920 Q values: You can calculate coefficients for all biquad … Continue reading

Posted in Biquads, Filters, IIR Filters, Widgets | 40 Comments

Filters for synths—the 4-pole

The last post noted that the two most popular synthesizer filters are the 2-pole state variable, and the 4-pole “Moog style”. And we started with the state variable—simple, popular, and delivering multiple filter outputs (lowpass, bandpass…) simultaneously. Here, we’ll follow … Continue reading

Posted in Digital Audio, Filters, IIR Filters, Synthesizers | 5 Comments

Filters for synths–starting out

We haven’t developed a synth filter here yet… Filters we’ve presented Biquads. While they are useful for many simple cases of filtering, they are not a good choice for analog synthesizer emulation. Most notably, they are poorly suited to time-varying … Continue reading

Posted in Digital Audio, Filters, IIR Filters, Synthesizers | Leave a comment

Dither—The Naked Truth video

This video presents the “naked truth” on dither and truncation error, by stripping away the original signal of a musical clip and listening at different bit levels. I boost the error to a normalized audio volume for easy comparison of … Continue reading

Posted in Digital Audio, Dither, Video | 2 Comments

Dither widget

Posted in Digital Audio, Dither, Widgets | Leave a comment

Audio Dither Explained video

This video discusses the how and why of dither.

Posted in Digital Audio, Dither, Video | 1 Comment

Pole-Zero placement v2

Pair Pole mag Pole angle Pair Zero mag Zero angle Sample rate (Hz) linearlog Plot A new pole-zero calculator An JavaScript remake of the old Java-based pole-zero placement applet—visit that page for tips on pole-zero locations for standard biquads. The … Continue reading

Posted in Biquads, Digital Audio, Filters, IIR Filters, Widgets | 15 Comments

Biquad calculator v2

Type:lowpasshighpassbandpassnotchpeaklow shelfhigh shelfone-pole lpone-pole hp Plot:linearlog Sample rate (Hz) Fc (Hz) Q Gain (dB) Here’s an update of the biquad calculator. It adds one-pole highpass and lowpass filters, and frequency, Q, and gain sliders. The sliders cover the range of … Continue reading

Posted in Biquads, Digital Audio, Filters, IIR Filters, Widgets | 96 Comments